LESSONS 30NOV 2 DEC

hi there,
Well it was more Modal time last week and here is a complete list of what we have done with all their functions!


MODAL VERBS
Will Shall
May might MAY I SIT HERE?
Would should
Can could I CAN SWIM.
Must ought to*


Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without “to” (Exception “ought to”) The form is the same for all persons.
Eg, CAN in all forms ( NB he, she, it can)
(-) add NOT
I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they cannot (can’t) come
(?) Inversion
Can you swim?
Can you come to my party?

CAN
I know how to do something OR I am able to do something
Can you speak English? Can you hear me?
I can swim. I can’t sleep. I’m not tired.


CAN = COULD
CAN’T = COULDN’T
WHEN I WAS YOUNG, I COULD/ COULDN’T RIDE A BIKE!
I WAS TIRED LAST NIGHT BUT I COULDN’T SLEEP.
I COULDN'T STAY OUT ALL NIGHT WHEN I WAS A CHILD.

REQUESTS.

Can you open the window, please?
Could you open the window, please? MORE FORMAL.
COULD I HAVE SOME INFORMATION PLEASE?


May/ might

We use may/ might when we are not sure about the future.

It may/might rain tomorrow! (I’m not sure)
John may/ might go to London at Christmas. ( Not sure)



WILL (PREDICTIONS) or merely to talk of the future NOT plans or future intentions, arrangements.
We often start with “I think /I don’t think)
(I think/I don’t’ think) it’ll rain tomorrow.
(I think/I don’t’ think) everybody will drive electric cars in the future.
A :(I think) she’ll come to the party.
B: I think she won’t.
We use will when we feel sure that these things will or won’t happen! When we are less sure, we use MAY/MIGHT

It’ll rain tomorrow. Cp It may rain tomorrow.


INVITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
WOULD is used to invite somebody to do something! Or to offer something!
WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO TO THE CINEMA?
WOULD YOU LIKE SOMETHING TO DRINK? WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE THE MENU?
ANSWER
GREAT IDEA! I’d rather (+ infinitive)
I’D LOVE TO! I’d love to but……………..
I’D LOVE ONE!


We also use “I’d like” to make requests
I’d like a drink!
I’d like some information about hotels, please!
I’d like to see the menu , please!


SHALL

What shall we do?
Shall is used to make suggestions.

Shall we dance?
I’m going to a party tonight. What shall I wear?
What shall we buy John for his birthday?


SHOULD
Should is used to give and ask for advice:

Mike is always tired. He should go to bed earlier.
“I’m too fat!” “You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate?”
“What should I do? Do you think I should buy these shoes?”

NB also “If I were you, I’d …….”
“I feel fat!” “If I were you, I’d go on a diet!”


MUST /HAVE TO

Express rules or things that are necessary.

The house is dirty. I must/HAVE TO clean it.
We don’t have any money. We must7have to go to the bank.

Sometimes we can use either:
It’s a great book. You must/have to read it! He has to/must read the book!

NBin colloquial English when we talk about rules we often use “have to”
(Must generally refers to internal obligation , things that the speaker feels is necessary. )

“Have to” often expresses an external obligation ( a law, a rule etc. )

I must remember to buy some milk ( I feel that it is necessary.)
You have to have a license to drive a car! ( law!)

Remember that “have to” is conjugated ! ( have to/ has to)
Use it for questions!
Do you have to wear a uniform at school?


MUSTN’T
Expresses a prohibition, not allowed!(sbagliato o proibito farlo)

You mustn’t touch the picture. It’s very valuable!
You mustn’t smoke here!

IN THE PAST TENSE USE COULDN'T

I couldn't stay out all night when I was a child!

CAREFUL!!! (DING DING DING!!!)
Don’t/doesn’t have to mean that IT is NOT NECESSARY TO DO SOMETHING( NON SONO TENUTO A FARLO(OBBLIGATO A FARLO).

You don’t have to read Hamlet for the English lab! ( You can read it if you want!)
YOU mustn’t read the Kama Sutra! (Vietato!!!!)


HAD TO is the
Past tense of must / have to
I wasn’t at the lesson yesterday because I had to go to the doctor!


DIDN’T HAVE TO (not necessary)

I didn’t have to go to work yesterday because it was a public holiday.












SO REMEMBER


OBLIGATION : MUST /HAVE TO You must/have to eat 5 pieces of fruit a day.

Rules (have to) In GB you have to drive on the left.

PAST TENSE: HAD TO :Sorry I'm late, I had to go to the doctor!


Possibility/ permission Can You can smoke here!

PAST TENSE : COULD You could smoke anywhere in the past.




PROHIBITION MUSTN’T You mustn’t drink that water.


PROHIBITION Can’t You can’t smoke in here!

PAST TENSE: COULDN'T : I couldn't go to the disco when I was a child!


NOT NECESSSARY : DON’T HAVE TO(DIDN’T HAVE TO)

John doesn’t have to get up tomorrow. It’s a holiday!
I didn't have to buy a new PC because my dad gave me his old one!!!


here are the answers to the test!

A B
1 A C
2 C B
3 B B
4 C B
5 C A
6 C B
7 C A
8 C C
9 A C
10 B D
11 C B
12 B C
13 B B
14 D C
15 C C
16 A B
17 C D
18 B A
19 B D
20 B A
21 A B
22 C C
23 A C
24 D B
25 C B
26 A C
27 D A
28 A B
29 D A
30 C D
31 C D
32 A C
33 A B
34 A A
35 A B
36 B A
37 C D
38 B D
39 C B
40 A B
41 A D
42 B A
43 C C
44 B A
45 C A
46 B C
47 C A
48 A A
49 C C
50 A D
51 C A
52 D D
53 C C
54 C B
55 B D
56 C C
57 A C
58 D C
59 A A
60 B C

See you next week! have a great weekend! Think English!
SAllyD